While the term transfer addiction may not be a term that many people are familiar with, it is a fairly common concept, particularly amongst those in recovery. Also known as cross-addiction, transfer addiction occurs when, put simply, someone in recovery swaps out one addiction for another.
Far too often, since the idea of transfer addiction isn’t widely known, people in recovery find themselves latching on to something else in order to satisfy the emotional or psychological “cravings” of the original addiction.
That’s why bringing light to the concept of transfer addiction and making more people aware of it is so important, and in this blog, we are going to try and do exactly that. Keep reading to learn more about what is transfer addiction, including why it happens, how to spot it early, and what steps can be taken to prevent and treat it effectively.
As we touched on, transfer addiction is a term used to describe the replacement of one addiction for another. It’s important to note that transfer addiction can apply to addiction of any kind, meaning that the two addictions do not need to be in the same category (i.e., substance to substance or behavior to behavior).
A common example of transfer addiction could be someone who suffered from an alcohol addiction taking up smoking cigarettes excessively or even obsessively working out. While these new behaviors may seem less harmful, or in the case of exercising, even healthy, and much more socially acceptable, what they are actually doing is serving the same purpose as the original addiction.
Transfer addiction is not a sign of weakness or even failure in recovery, and it is most certainly not a sign of a relapse. What it is, though, is a sign of much deeper emotional and/or psychological issues that need to be worked on.
How and Why Transfer Addiction Happens
Transfer addiction often occurs when the psychological and neurochemical factors that contributed to the original addiction are left unaddressed. The brain, still wired to seek out dopamine-driven rewards and comfort, finds a new outlet to fulfill those needs.
Below are some of the more common reasons why transfer addiction may occur:
Without proper emotional processing, individuals may seek out another coping mechanism.
If a person has not developed healthy ways to manage stress or discomfort, they may revert to compulsive behaviors.
Some people are neurologically wired for addictive behavior, making them more susceptible to substitution.
Believing that removing the substance is enough without addressing the lifestyle and mindset that enabled it.
Transfer addiction is more about the function of the behavior or substance than the behavior itself. If it’s being used to escape reality, manage emotions, or achieve a high, it may be functioning as a new addiction.
Common Types of Transfer Addictions
As we mentioned, transfer addictions are not limited to substances. In order for it to qualify as a transfer addiction, all that must occur is that one addiction is substituted for another.
On that note, here are some of the more common addictions that those in recovery may “transfer” to:
Overeating, binge eating, or compulsive consumption of sugar and processed foods.
The thrill and risk can mimic the highs of substance use.
Using romantic or sexual encounters to fill an emotional void.
The temporary relief or pleasure from purchasing items can become compulsive.
Overworking to avoid emotions or social interaction.
Excessive physical activity used to achieve a sense of control or distraction.
Often seen as less harmful, but can quickly become problematic in large amounts.
Hours spent online can isolate individuals and become an escape from reality.
What makes these addictions particularly tricky is that many of them are socially acceptable or even encouraged in moderation, making it harder to recognize when they cross the line into dysfunction.
Signs and Symptoms of Transfer Addiction
Since transfer addiction can be difficult to spot at times for many of the reasons we mentioned above, it is important to be able to recognize the signs when they do present themselves. After all, just like other forms of addiction, early recognition can help improve the chances of recovery.
Some of the signs and symptoms of transfer addiction include:
- Compulsive behavior– Feeling unable to stop or control the new behavior.
- Preoccupation– Thinking constantly about the new substance or activity.
- Mood shifts– Using the behavior to alter one’s emotional state.
- Neglect of responsibilities– Skipping work, social commitments, or self-care.
- Tolerance– Needing more of the activity to achieve the same emotional effect.
- Withdrawal– Feeling anxious, irritable, or low when unable to engage in the behavior.
- Rationalization– Making excuses or downplaying the impact of the new behavior.
As you can see, many of these symptoms mirror those of substance use disorder, which is why transfer addiction is often considered a continuation of addictive behavior rather than a separate issue.
Risk Factors That Increase the Likelihood of Transfer Addiction
Just as with the case with substance addiction, there are certain risk factors that make people more likely to develop a transfer addiction as well. These include:
- History of multiple addictions
- Co-occurring mental health disorders
- Lack of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes therapy and relapse prevention
- Social isolation or lack of a support system
- Poor stress management or emotional regulation skills
- High-pressure environments or significant life stressors during recovery
Transfer Addiction in the Context of Recovery
When it comes to recovery, the ultimate goal isn’t just abstinence from the original addiction; it’s complete and total healing. Transfer addiction complicates that process because it can provide a false sense of progress. A person might appear to be doing well because they are no longer using drugs or alcohol, but if they’re compulsively gambling or binge eating, the emotional dysfunction remains unresolved.
Unfortunately, far too often, transfer addiction is not addressed until it becomes disruptive. This can then lead to feelings of shame, secrecy, and even relapse. By not just bringing the concept of transfer addiction to everyone’s attention, but addressing it during the initial treatment and recovery process, those in treatment can proactively address and get ahead of any potential issues before they arise.
Psychological and Emotional Roots of Transfer Addiction
Some of the common root causes of transfer addiction, both psychological and emotional, include:
Using substances or behaviors to avoid dealing with sadness, anger, guilt, or trauma.
Believing one is unworthy of happiness, which can drive compulsive seeking of pleasure or relief.
Using compulsive behaviors to feel in control in an otherwise chaotic internal world.
Seeking validation, love, or comfort in external sources.
The Impact of Transfer Addiction on Recovery and Daily Life
Just like with substance addiction, transfer addiction can reach a point where it directly impacts not just the person’s overall recovery journey, but their ability to go about their daily life.
The impact of transfer addiction can be far-ranging and can include:
- An increased risk of relapse of the original addiction
- Strained relationships due to new compulsive behaviors
- Financial difficulties, particularly related to gambling and shopping
- Overall mental health deterioration
- A loss of trust
Left unchecked, transfer addiction can spiral into a full relapse or lead to the development of multiple co-occurring addictions.
How to Recognize and Address Transfer Addiction Early
Early detection is key to preventing a full-blown relapse or new addiction. Here are some things you can do to recognize and respond:
- Track behavior patterns
- Be honest with yourself
- Seek feedback
- Avoid black-and-white thinking
- Revisit treatment goals
Treatment Options for Managing Transfer Addiction
Treatment options for those suffering from transfer addiction are similar to the treatment options used to address the original addiction, such as:
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(CBT)
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy(DBT)
- Trauma-informed care
- Group therapyor 12-step programs
- Medication management
- Holistic approachessuch as yoga, meditation, and nutrition
Tips for Preventing Transfer Addiction During Recovery
While not all cases of transfer addiction are preventable, the following tips can significantly reduce the risk:
- Develop a variety of coping strategies
- Stay engaged in therapy
- Keep a balanced routine
- Check in with yourself regularly
- Create boundaries
- Build a strong support network
What is Transfer Addiction? First City Recovery Center Can Help
At First City Recovery Center, we recognize that recovery is about more than just stopping substance use; it’s about healing the whole person. That includes identifying and addressing transfer addiction before it becomes a barrier to long-term success.
Our team provides personalized, evidence-based care that treats addiction from every angle: biological, psychological, and social. Whether you’re struggling with a new compulsive behavior or simply want to safeguard your recovery, we’re here to support you every step of the way.
If you or a loved one suspects transfer addiction may be interfering with your recovery journey, contact us today. Together, we can build a life rooted in balance, clarity, and true freedom from addiction.
MD, Psychiatrist
Dr. Vahid Osman, MD is a psychiatry specialist in Indianapolis, IN.
Dr. Osman completed a residency at Austin State Hospital. He has over 32 years of experience in Psychiatry & Behavioral Health. He is board certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology.
